Cassandra Program published a semi-systematic review showing that the assumption of global energy intensity improvements within a 1.0–1.4% band annually does not hold, and that structural and biophysical constraints suggest the trend may even reverse.

The Cassandra Program is an independent initiative that explores the interconnected social, economic, and ecological crises of our time at a systemic level, offering reality-based guidance for individual, community, and organisational adaptation in a world of profound transformation. Humanity stands at the threshold of a prolonged period of unavoidable decline and civilisational disintegration, the like of which no previous generation has ever faced. Yet most people continue to live as before, while the nature of the challenges ahead is undergoing dramatic transformation. It is essential that as many people as possible understand the processes unfolding around us and grasp their interconnections, so that they can make authentic and honest decisions about their lives, and recognise how much must be done to prevent the outcome from becoming the worst possible.

Founded 2020