CIRAD published an analysis in Agronomy for Sustainable Development showing that Rwanda's maize-haricot planting has superior performance compared to conventional practices, with high labor requirements at planting posing a significant obstacle to adoption by family farms.

CIRAD is a French agricultural research centre working for international development. Most of its research is conducted in partnership. CIRAD has chosen sustainable development as the cornerstone of its operations worldwide. This means taking account of the long-term ecological, economic and social consequences of change in developing communities and countries. CIRAD contributes to development through research and trials, training, dissemination of information, innovation and appraisals. Its expertise spans the life sciences, human sciences and engineering sciences and their application to agriculture and food, natural resource management and society.